A splenectomy is a common surgical procedure performed on dogs. Although the immediate risks of the surgery are well understood, there is less information available regarding the long-term effects of removing the spleen in cases of benign diseases. A recent study followed 104 dogs who underwent splenectomy for non-neoplastic conditions, with a median follow-up period of 31 months. This research provides valuable insights into potential post-operative complications.
Key findings from the study revealed a subsequent neoplasia development rate of 38.5%. However, this did not significantly impact survival rates. Thrombotic or thromboembolic events were suspected or confirmed in 12.5% of cases, suggesting a potential link between splenectomy and altered coagulation. Severe or recurrent infections were rare, occurring in only 1.9% of dogs, and no cases of blood parasite infections were reported. Preoperative hemoperitoneum was present in 25% of cases, but showed no correlation with increased mortality. This reinforces the idea that prognosis primarily depends on the underlying condition rather than acute bleeding.
The risk of thrombosis following splenectomy deserves attention, as the spleen plays a crucial role in regulating coagulation. Although only 13% of dogs showed signs of thrombotic events, it is possible that the true incidence is higher due to diagnostic challenges in clinical practice. Age was identified as a significant factor in survival, with older dogs generally experiencing shorter lifespans after surgery. Additionally, while the development of secondary neoplasia did not significantly impact survival in this group, the high occurrence rate raises questions about potential contributing factors.
Unlike human patients, where there is a major concern about overwhelming post-splenectomy infection, dogs experienced minimal severe infectious complications. Only two significant bacterial infections were reported, and neither of them was fatal. However, in areas where blood-borne pathogens are common, it is advisable to remain vigilant.
Research indicates that dogs undergoing splenectomy for benign conditions typically experience positive long-term outcomes, with no significant increase in mortality directly related to the procedure. However, the risks of thrombosis and the development of neoplasia underscore the necessity for personalized post-operative monitoring. Additional research could help determine whether targeted preventive measures, such as thromboprophylaxis, could be beneficial for certain high-risk patients.
